Answer : MACULA refers to the light-sensitive area in the centre of the retina that controls the central visual field and the ability to see colours.

In macular degeneration, the macula breaks down and impairs eyesight. Though the peripheral vision (the ability to see the outside edges of the scene one is looking at) remains intact, the centre of the field of vision is blurry, grey or filled with a large blank spot.

As a result, the condition may make it difficult or impossible to read, drive, watch television or even recognise faces.

Damage from free radicals, the unstable oxygen molecules that can harm cells, is probably the leading cause of macular degeneration.

A diet high in saturated fats, cigarette smoke and exposure to sunlight can lead to the formation of free radicals in the retina.

High blood pressure, heart disease and diabetes may also be contributing factors because they limit

Vitamin C, vitamin E and different types of carotenoids can neutralise the free radicals linked to macular degeneration.

Zinc plays a key role in the functioning of the retina as well., Selenium can also be included to boost the body's overall antioxidant activity.

For maximum protection, one may also consider taking herbal formulation containing bilberry as this herb contains antioxidant compounds and enhances blood flow to the retina.

The carotenoid lutein, which can be found in spinach, is especially important as it protects the macula by filtering out the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays.

Wearing sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat to protect the eyes is recommended. Stop smoking as it is a major contributor to macular degeneration.

Increase intake of dark green vegetables as they are high in the antioxidant carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin.

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